Understanding the Shadow Series Provision in Convertible Notes
Convertible notes remain one of the most prevalent forms of early-stage financing, valued for their simplicity and efficiency. However, one feature often raising questions among investors and founders alike is
The Digital Asset Market Clarity Act of 2025: Navigating New Regulatory Landscapes for Digital Commodities
In a major step forward for the digital asset space, the U.S. House of Representatives has introduced the Digital Asset Market Clarity Act of 2025 (H.R. 3633). As the regulatory
Why Spousal Signatures Matter in Founder Equity and 83(b) Elections
If you’re a founder receiving restricted stock in your startup, you’ve likely encountered a request for your spouse’s signature—on the Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement (RSPA) and again on your 83(b)
Founder’s Guide to the 83(b) Election: What It Is, When to File, and Why It Matters
If you’re a startup founder receiving stock that’s subject to vesting, you’ve likely heard the term “83(b) election.” But what is it, and why do early-stage founders, employees, and equity
Why You Should File an 83(b) Election—Even If Your Taxable Income Is $0
If you’re a startup founder receiving restricted stock in your new company—especially at a nominal price like $0.00001 per share—you might ask: “Do I really need to file an 83(b)
The EU Artificial Intelligence Act: What Businesses and Innovators Need to Know
On June 13, 2024, the European Parliament and Council officially adopted Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, commonly known as the Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act). As one of the most ambitious regulatory
